432 Hz Tongue Drum

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Our collection of 432 Hz tongue drums features steel tongue drums with every note tuned at the factory using A at 432 Hz as the reference. Each note sounds slightly lower than it would on a standard model, creating a tone many describe as soft and warm. You can enjoy this tone during yoga or meditation sessions, or while playing solo. Treat yourself to a 432 Hz tongue drum in the colour of your choice, from white to gold.

Tongue drum tuned to 432 Hz dark green

Tongue drum tuned to 432 Hz

13 notes C Major 30 cm

£219
8 inch steel tongue drum
Special offer

8 Inch Steel Tongue Drum

8 notes C Major 20 cm

£179

£159
Tank drum 432 Hz

Tank Drum 432 Hz

15 notes C Major 35 cm

£499
Steel tongue drum 432 Hz
Expert pick

Steel tongue drum 432 Hz

14 notes C Major 35 cm

£499

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How does a 432 Hz tongue drum sound different from a 440 Hz tongue drum?

A woman meditating with a 432 Hz tongue drum

The reference A on a 432 Hz tongue drum vibrates at 432 Hz, compared with 440 Hz on a standard model. That is 8 Hz lower for this A. Every other note is tuned relative to it and drops by the same ratio. Because the same musical interval spans fewer hertz in a lower register than in a higher one, the difference is better measured in cents: about 32 cents for each note, compared with 100 cents in a semitone.

The intervals and scale stay the same. Only the pitch changes, so you can play exactly as you would on a 440 Hz tongue drum.

To the ear, the sound is slightly darker and softer, often described as “warm,” though that is a subjective impression rather than a measurement. If you compare the same melody played at 440 Hz and then at 432 Hz, you will likely hear the difference. Without a direct comparison, however, it is much harder to identify a 432 Hz instrument by ear alone, since each instrument sounds in tune on its own.

What Do Studies on Music Tuned to 432 Hz Really Say?

Studies on music tuned to 432 Hz remain few, small, and based on different methods.

The first is a 2019 Italian pilot study in which 33 healthy volunteers listened to film music tuned to 440 Hz and 432 Hz in two 20-minute sessions. During the 432 Hz session, their average heart rate was 4.79 beats per minute lower, while the slight decrease in blood pressure was not statistically significant. Listeners also reported feeling more focused and satisfied. However, the authors themselves called for the study to be repeated with a larger sample and in randomised trials, and a correction was published in 2020. With such a small, non-randomised sample, it is impossible to separate the effect of the tuning from expectations or simple relaxation.

A second study in Mannheim randomly compared two 15-minute sessions, one using 432 Hz music and the other 443 Hz music, among 43 patients with cancer. Participants’ perceived well-being improved after both sessions, and the effect of 432 Hz on circulation was more pronounced, though the difference from 443 Hz was not statistically significant. These findings apply only to those patients.

440 Hz was already in use before 1939. An international conference held in London that year adopted it as a common reference pitch. Reference pitch has also varied throughout history: nearly every city, organ, and orchestra once had its own. 432 Hz is one proposed standard among others, rather than a rediscovered ancient tradition.

Finally, a slightly lower sound often seems calmer. Our brains interpret sounds in emotional terms, and a relaxed voice tends to drop in pitch. Any music lowered slightly could therefore create that impression, much as a slow rhythm helps slow breathing.

A woman showing a tongue drum tuned to 432 Hz

To play alongside your 432 Hz tongue drum, tune the other instrument to the same reference pitch: one tuned to 440 Hz will sound out of tune with it. Almost all clip-on chromatic tuners and tuner apps have a calibration setting, often labelled A4, ref, or Hz, that defaults to 440. Simply change it to 432, then tune each string to its usual note; the tuner will do the maths for you.

Guitars, basses, violins, cellos, mandolins, and ukuleles can all be tuned this way. Their string tension will drop slightly without harming the instrument, and singers can match the pitch too. A digital keyboard or synthesiser generally has a master tuning setting that lets you select 432 Hz or approximately −32 cents.

An acoustic piano, however, needs to be retuned by a professional. Fixed-pitch instruments, such as a handpan or a tongue drum tuned to 440 Hz, cannot match your tuning: every note they share will be about a third of a semitone apart.

If you like replaying recorded pieces, you’ll find that most recordings and instructional videos use 440 Hz. You can still play those pieces on your instrument afterwards; they’ll simply sound a little lower. Playing along with the recordings, however, will create dissonance. To change a recording to 432 Hz, adjust its pitch rather than slow it down, which would also lower the tempo.

On a 432 Hz tongue drum, only the reference note vibrates at 432 Hz: A4, called la 3 in France. The frequency of every other note is its usual frequency multiplied by 432/440, or approximately 0.98182. That lowers every frequency by about 1.8%. If every note vibrated at 432 Hz, the instrument would have only one note.

For example, middle C (C4, called do 3 in France) drops from 261.63 Hz to approximately 256.87 Hz in equal temperament, the tuning system used by most modern instruments. You may also see exactly 256 Hz given for C in connection with 432 Hz, but that figure is accurate only in a different tuning system. All the models in this collection are tuned to C.

Retuning an entire tongue drum from 440 Hz to 432 Hz is hardly feasible. The instrument is not designed to be retuned and, ideally, should only be tuned during manufacturing. Changing the reference pitch of a fixed-pitch steel instrument takes considerable work and is rarely done in practice. Choosing your preferred tuning when you buy the instrument avoids that work.

There are a few ways to change the pitch of an individual tongue, but each has limitations. Gluing a small magnet beneath its tip adds mass and lowers the note, but a magnet cannot raise it. It also shortens the sustain slightly and may buzz if it is not positioned properly. It might not stick to stainless steel at all. Filing a tongue changes its pitch permanently; filing it too much can send it out of tune in the opposite direction. Bending or cutting a tongue risks damaging it permanently.

To check your instrument’s tuning, set your tuner or app to a 432 Hz reference before striking each tongue. A 432 Hz tongue drum will register about 32 cents flat on a tuner still set to 440 Hz. If your tuner has no reference pitch setting, its readings will show the notes as flat.

After adjusting the setting, gently strike a tongue and wait half a second before taking three readings. A tongue drum’s harmonics can confuse an app, causing it to jump between notes or register the wrong octave.

A note is in tune within 5 to 10 cents; most people begin to hear a difference of 5 to 10 cents on a sustained note. There’s no need to aim for a perfect zero.

If you don’t have an adjustable tuner, you can also check the A by ear against a 432 Hz tuning fork or a reference tone at that frequency.

No study shows that a 432 Hz tongue drum is better suited to meditation than a 440 Hz model solely because of its frequency. How you experience music while meditating depends on its tempo, volume, and attack, as well as the room you play in, your expectations, and your experience. The reference pitch is only one part of that experience.

Still, many musicians choose 432 Hz for yoga or meditation simply because they like its sound.